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التصنيف: antipyretic.analgesic
المادة الفعالة: paracetamol(acetaminophen)

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a centrally acting analgesic and antipyretic widely used for mild to moderate pain and fever.
It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 30–60 minutes.
The drug is primarily metabolized in the liver via conjugation with glucuronide and sulfate, with a small fraction oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.
Its analgesic effect is mainly due to inhibition of central prostaglandin synthesis, particularly through cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways in the brain.
Unlike NSAIDs, it has minimal peripheral anti-inflammatory activity due to weak inhibition of COX in peripheral tissues.
Paracetamol also acts on serotonergic pathways and may influence the endocannabinoid system, contributing to pain modulation.
The antipyretic action results from its effect on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center, leading to vasodilation and increased heat loss.
It is generally well tolerated at therapeutic doses, with low gastrointestinal and cardiovascular risk.
Indications include management of fever, headache, musculoskeletal pain, toothache, and symptoms of common cold and influenza.
It is considered first-line therapy for pain and fever in children, pregnant women, and patients intolerant to NSAIDs.